ACINQ
CompanyLightning
A Paris company that maintains Eclair, one of the Lightning implementations, and ships the Phoenix wallet and phoenixd node alongside its own routing node.
Africrypt
CompanyInvestment Scheme
A South African bitcoin investment operation that stopped paying investors in April 2021 after telling them it had been hacked, and was placed in provisional liquidation that month.
AlphaBay
MarketplaceDarknet Market
A Tor marketplace that took bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies from 2014 until an international law enforcement operation seized its infrastructure in July 2017.
Anchorage Digital
CompanyCustody
A United States digital asset custodian whose banking subsidiary holds a national trust bank charter granted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency in January 2021.
Binance
CompanyExchange
The exchange operated by Binance Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands company that pleaded guilty to United States anti-money-laundering and sanctions charges in 2023.
Bisq
Open Source ProjectExchange
Desktop software that lets two people trade bitcoin for national currency directly, with no company holding the funds and no account to open.
Bisq DAO
DAOGovernance
The governance and funding layer of the Bisq exchange, run through BSQ tokens that are coloured satoshis on the Bitcoin blockchain rather than a token on another chain.
BitClub Network
CompanyMining
An operation that sold shares in bitcoin mining pools and paid members for recruiting others, and which a United States federal court has been told took at least $722 million.
Bitcoin Beach
Non-profitCircular economy
A community project in El Zonte, El Salvador that used a single anonymous bitcoin donation to build a local economy where wages and everyday purchases move over Lightning.
Bitcoin Core
Open Source ProjectProtocol
The reference Bitcoin implementation: full-node validation software, an optional wallet, and the related cryptography libraries, released under the MIT licence.
Bitcoin Design Community
Open Source ProjectDesign
An open community of designers that produces the Bitcoin Design Guide, a free reference for anyone building non-custodial Bitcoin products.
Bitcoin Dev Kit
Open Source ProjectWallet Library
A suite of Rust libraries and language bindings for building Bitcoin wallets, stewarded by the Bitcoin Dev Kit Foundation, a United States 501(c)(6) non-profit.
Bitcoin Ekasi
Non-profitCircular economy
A township project in Mossel Bay, South Africa that pays surf coaches entirely in bitcoin and onboards local shops so the wages can be spent without converting to rand.
Bitcoin Magazine
MediaMedia
The oldest publication devoted to Bitcoin, owned since late 2014 by BTC Media and now part of BTC Inc, a subsidiary of the listed company Nakamoto Inc.
Bitcoin Mining Council
Industry BodyMining
A voluntary forum of large Bitcoin miners that published quarterly self-reported energy and hashrate surveys, with no public output since 2023 and no live website.
Bitcoin Optech
Industry BodyNewsletter
The Bitcoin Operations Technology Group, which publishes a weekly technical newsletter and runs workshops to help Bitcoin businesses adopt open source scaling techniques.
Bitcoin Policy Institute
Non-profitPolicy
A Bitcoin-only think tank that publishes policy research and briefs American legislators and regulators.
BitConnect
CompanyLending
A lending programme that took bitcoin deposits and promised returns from a trading bot, which United States courts have established was a Ponzi scheme.
Bitfinex
CompanyExchange
The margin trading venue operated by iFinex Inc. and its affiliates, which lost 119,754 bitcoin to a breach in 2016 and settled with the New York Attorney General in 2021.
Bitfury Group
CompanyHardware
A privately held group that built bitcoin mining chips and infrastructure and now operates mainly as an investor and incubator, with stakes in listed miners.
BitGo
CompanyCustody
A New York Stock Exchange listed digital asset custodian whose trust subsidiaries hold client coins in segregated accounts, and which helped commercialise multisignature wallets.
Bitmain
CompanyHardware
A privately held group headquartered in Beijing that designs and manufactures the Antminer line of bitcoin mining machines.
BitMEX
CompanyDerivatives
A cryptocurrency derivatives exchange operated by HDR Global Trading Limited, best known for the bitcoin perpetual swap and for pleading guilty to a Bank Secrecy Act offence.
BitPay
CompanyPayments
A bitcoin payment processor founded in 2011 that settles merchant sales in fiat currency, and which now also sells a consumer wallet and card.
Bitrefill
CompanyLightning
A Swedish company selling gift cards, phone top-ups, eSIMs and bill payments for bitcoin, and one of the earliest commercial users of the Lightning Network.
Bitstamp
CompanyExchange
A European exchange founded in 2011 and operated by Bitstamp Ltd., acquired by Robinhood Markets in June 2025.
Block, Inc.
CompanyPayments
A New York Stock Exchange listed payments company whose bitcoin work covers a hardware wallet, a mining system and a funded open-source team.
BlockFi
CompanyLending
A New Jersey crypto lender whose retail interest accounts drew a $100 million registration settlement in 2022, and which filed for bankruptcy later that year.
Blockstream
CompanySidechains
A Canadian corporation that builds Bitcoin infrastructure, including the Liquid sidechain, the Core Lightning implementation and the Jade signing device.
Braiins
CompanyMining
A Prague company that operates the oldest bitcoin mining pool and builds mining firmware, management software and the Stratum V2 protocol.
Brink
Non-profitFunding
A donation-funded United States non-profit that pays Bitcoin protocol engineers through grants and mentors new contributors through a fellowship programme.
BTCPay Server
Open Source ProjectPayments
A free, self-hosted, non-custodial payment processor that lets a merchant accept Bitcoin on-chain and over Lightning without a company in the middle.
Btrust
Non-profitFunding
A non-profit funded by a 500 BTC donation that trains and pays Bitcoin open-source developers in the Global South, with most of its programmes running across Africa.
Built With Bitcoin Foundation
Non-profitHumanitarian
A humanitarian organisation that funded schools, water projects and farms with bitcoin donations, and whose public presence has been dark since 2023.
Canaan
CompanyHardware
A Cayman Islands holding company listed on Nasdaq as CAN that designs mining chips and sells bitcoin mining machines under the AvalonMiner brand.
Casa
CompanyMultisig
A US company selling multi-key custody software and support, where the customer holds keys and Casa holds one, plus inheritance tooling built on the same key set.
Celsius Network
CompanyLending
A crypto lending platform that took customer deposits in return for interest payments, froze withdrawals in June 2022 and filed for bankruptcy a month later.
Chaincode Labs
CompanyResearch
A privately funded Bitcoin research and development centre in New York that employs protocol engineers and runs education programmes for new contributors.
CleanSpark
CompanyMining
A Nevada corporation trading on Nasdaq as CLSK that began as an energy software business and now runs bitcoin mining sites across four US states.
Coin Center
Non-profitPolicy
A Washington research and advocacy organisation that argues, in Congress and in court, that writing and running cryptocurrency software is protected speech.
Coinbase
CompanyExchange
A listed US company that runs a retail and institutional crypto exchange, a custody business and a staking service, trading on Nasdaq as COIN since April 2021.
Coinkite
CompanyHardware
A Toronto hardware company that makes the Coldcard signing device along with Opendime, Tapsigner, Satscard and other Bitcoin-only security products.
Compass Mining
CompanyMining
A Delaware corporation that sells bitcoin mining machines to individuals and small businesses and places them in third-party hosting facilities.
Core Scientific
CompanyMining
A Delaware corporation trading on Nasdaq as CORZ that builds and operates large data centres for bitcoin mining and, increasingly, for high-density colocation customers.
Cryptopia
CompanyExchange
A Christchurch exchange that went into liquidation in May 2019 after a hack, and whose liquidators are still returning crypto assets to account holders under High Court orders.
Electrum
Open Source ProjectDesktop wallet
A lightweight Bitcoin wallet released in 2011 that verifies its own history against block headers instead of downloading the whole chain, distributed by a Berlin company.
Fireblocks
CompanyCustody
A digital asset infrastructure company that secures institutional keys with multi-party computation, and whose New York subsidiary holds a limited purpose trust charter.
Foundation Devices
CompanyHardware
A Boston hardware company that makes the Passport signing device and the Envoy companion app, with published hardware and firmware source.
FTX
CompanyExchange
The crypto exchange run by FTX Trading Ltd., which filed for Chapter 11 in November 2022 and whose founder was convicted of seven counts of fraud and conspiracy.
Galoy
CompanyLightning
The company behind the wallet that became Blink, now selling core banking software with Bitcoin and Lightning payments built in.
GAW Miners
CompanyMining
A Connecticut bitcoin mining company that sold hardware and then cloud mining contracts called Hashlets, and was found by a federal court to have sold computing power it did not have.
Gemini
CompanyExchange
A New York-regulated crypto exchange and custodian, listed on Nasdaq since 2025, whose Earn lending programme drew regulatory action and settlements.
Genesis Global Capital
CompanyLending
The institutional crypto lending arm of Digital Currency Group, which halted withdrawals in November 2022 and filed for bankruptcy two months later.
Grayscale Investments
CompanyAsset Management
The asset manager behind the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust ETF, and the petitioner in the 2023 DC Circuit case that set aside the SEC's refusal to let it list a spot bitcoin product.
HashFlare
CompanyMining
An Estonian-run cloud mining service that sold contracts on bitcoin mining capacity it did not have, and whose two operators pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud.
Human Rights Foundation
Non-profitHuman rights
A New York human rights organisation whose Financial Freedom programme trains activists to use bitcoin and whose Bitcoin Development Fund grants money to open-source developers.
Hut 8
CompanyMining
A Delaware corporation trading on Nasdaq as HUT that owns power and data centre assets in the United States and Canada and controls the listed miner American Bitcoin.
Kraken
CompanyExchange
The exchange operated by Payward, Inc. and its affiliates, a Delaware-incorporated group that has traded under the Kraken brand since 2011.
libsecp256k1
Open Source ProjectCryptography
The MIT-licensed C library that performs Bitcoin's elliptic curve signing and verification, maintained under the Bitcoin Core organisation.
Lightning Dev Kit
Open Source ProjectLightning
A Rust implementation of the Lightning protocol packaged as a library, so an application can embed Lightning instead of talking to a separate node.
Lightning Labs
CompanyLightning
A Delaware company that develops the Lightning Network Daemon and a set of liquidity and asset products built on top of it.
LNbits
Open Source ProjectLightning
A free and open-source accounts system that sits on top of an existing Lightning funding source and splits it into wallets, APIs and extensions.
LocalBitcoins
CompanyPeer-to-peer
A Finnish peer-to-peer marketplace where people advertised to buy and sell bitcoin directly with each other, closed to trading in February 2023 after ten years.
Luxor Technology
CompanyMining Pools
A Delaware corporation that runs a bitcoin mining pool, sells mining firmware and hardware, and trades hashrate as a financial contract.
MARA Holdings
CompanyMining
A Nevada corporation trading on Nasdaq as MARA that mines bitcoin at industrial scale and keeps most of what it mines on its own balance sheet.
mempool.space
Open Source ProjectBlock Explorer
An AGPL-licensed mempool visualiser and block explorer, run as a public instance and designed to be self-hosted on your own node.
Mirror Trading International
CompanyMulti-level Marketing
A South African multi-level marketing scheme that took bitcoin for a purported foreign exchange trading pool, and which a United States federal court found liable for fraud.
MIT Digital Currency Initiative
Non-profitResearch
A research group at the MIT Media Lab that funds Bitcoin Core developers and publishes research on both decentralised and central bank digital currency systems.
Mt. Gox
CompanyExchange
The Tokyo exchange that closed in February 2014 after reporting that roughly 850,000 bitcoin had gone missing, and whose Japanese estate is still repaying creditors.
Mutiny Wallet
CompanyLightning
A self-custodial Lightning wallet that ran a full node inside a web browser, shut down by its team at the end of 2024.
NYDIG
CompanyCustody
A bitcoin-focused financial firm affiliated with Stone Ridge, running regulated custody and execution entities alongside a power and mining business.
OneCoin
CompanyMulti-level Marketing
A Bulgarian-run multi-level marketing scheme that sold a purported cryptocurrency with no public blockchain behind it, and which United States courts have established as a fraud.
OpenNode
CompanyPayments
A bitcoin-only payment processor that accepts and sends payments over both the base chain and the Lightning Network, sold to merchants and platforms as an API.
OpenSats
Non-profitFunding
A United States public charity that passes donations through in full as grants to free and open-source contributors working on Bitcoin and adjacent freedom technology.
Paxful
CompanyPeer-to-peer
A peer-to-peer bitcoin marketplace where buyers and sellers trade using gift cards, bank transfers and cash, and which pleaded guilty to United States criminal charges in 2025.
Paxos
CompanyRegulated Trust
A regulated custodian, brokerage and stablecoin issuer whose trust company converted from a New York charter to a national trust bank charter in December 2025.
PlusToken
CompanyInvestment Scheme
A Chinese wallet and investment platform that took bitcoin and other coins from members between 2018 and 2019, and whose organisers were convicted of running a pyramid scheme.
QuadrigaCX
CompanyExchange
The Canadian exchange that collapsed in 2019 owing clients CAD 215 million, and which Ontario Securities Commission staff concluded had been brought down by a fraud committed by its chief executive.
Riot Platforms
CompanyMining
A Nevada corporation trading on Nasdaq as RIOT that owns and operates large bitcoin mining sites in Texas and Kentucky and manufactures its own electrical equipment.
River
CompanyBrokerage
A United States bitcoin-only financial services company that sells and custodies bitcoin, runs Lightning infrastructure, and publishes a proof of reserves.
SatoshiLabs
CompanyHardware
A Prague holding company whose subsidiaries include Trezor, which shipped the first Bitcoin hardware wallet, and Tropic Square, which designs auditable secure elements.
SeedSigner
Open Source ProjectHardware
A volunteer-run open source project whose software turns roughly fifty dollars of off-the-shelf parts into an air-gapped, stateless Bitcoin signing device.
Silk Road
MarketplaceDarknet Market
An anonymous marketplace that ran as a Tor hidden service from 2011 until United States law enforcement seized it in October 2013, and that settled every transaction in bitcoin.
Sovryn Bitocracy
DAOGovernance
The on-chain governance system that owns and upgrades the Sovryn lending and trading contracts on Rootstock, a merge-mined Bitcoin sidechain.
Sparrow Wallet
Open Source ProjectDesktop wallet
A desktop Bitcoin wallet built on PSBT and open standards, supporting most hardware signing devices and connection to a user's own node.
Start9
CompanyPersonal Server
A Denver company that builds StartOS, an operating system for running a personal server at home, and sells prebuilt servers that ship with it.
Strategy
CompanyTreasury
A Nasdaq-listed analytics software company that since 2020 has run a corporate treasury policy of holding bitcoin as its primary reserve asset, funded through the capital markets.
Strike
CompanyLightning
A custodial United States bitcoin app and payments API that settles over Lightning, operated by Zap Solutions.
Swan Bitcoin
CompanyBrokerage
A United States bitcoin-only brokerage built around automated recurring buys, retirement accounts and a large volume of published educational material.
Tether
CompanyStablecoin
The group that issues the USDT stablecoin, redomiciled from the British Virgin Islands to El Salvador in 2025 and penalised by the CFTC and the New York Attorney General over its reserve claims.
The Digital Chamber
Industry BodyTrade association
A Washington trade association for digital asset companies, formerly the Chamber of Digital Commerce, funded by member firms rather than by donations.
Thodex
CompanyExchange
A Turkish cryptocurrency exchange that went offline in April 2021, leaving customers without access to their accounts, and whose founder was later convicted of fraud.
Three Arrows Capital
CompanyFund
A crypto hedge fund, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands and managed from Singapore, that was ordered into liquidation in June 2022.
Umbrel
CompanyHome Server
A home server operating system with an app store, sold preinstalled on its own hardware and installable free on a Raspberry Pi or an x86 machine.
Unchained
CompanyCollaborative custody
An Austin company offering bitcoin-backed loans, retirement accounts and trading on top of a multi-key vault structure where the client keeps their own keys.
Voltage
CompanyLightning
A Kansas company that runs Lightning nodes and payment infrastructure on behalf of businesses, including exchanges, wallets and payment providers.
Voyager Digital
CompanyBrokerage
A listed crypto brokerage that paid interest on customer deposits, froze accounts in July 2022 and filed for bankruptcy days later.
Wasabi Wallet
Open Source ProjectPrivacy
An MIT-licensed desktop Bitcoin wallet built around coinjoin, whose default coordination service was discontinued by its developer zkSNACKs on 1 June 2024.
Xapo Bank
CompanyBanking Licence
A Gibraltar company that began as a bitcoin wallet and vault business and now holds a credit institution permission from the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission, running accounts denominated in US dollars and bitcoin.
ZEUS
Open Source ProjectLightning
An AGPL-licensed mobile Bitcoin and Lightning wallet that either runs a node on the phone or drives a node the user already owns.